TI EINAI (Osteopenia – Osteoporosis)
The relatively limited loss of bone mass is called osteopenia and has no serious consequences.
Increased loss, however, leads to osteoporosis, a condition that is pathological for bone tissue and with serious risks of fractures, especially of the hips, spine and wrists.
Bone is a “living organism” that is constantly being reconstructed through osteoclasts (the mechanism of bone dissolution) and osteoblasts (the mechanism of bone remodelling).
The two mechanisms are in balance, which can be disturbed for many reasons (menopause, gene type, hormonal imbalance, poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise, etc.) and lead to bone loss.
INDICATIONS MEANING
Osteoporosis is now common in menopausal women but it is a disease that is also found in men.
Factors that contribute to osteoporosis are :
- Vitamin D calcium deficiency in childhood – adolescence
- Corticosteroid intakes
- Eating disorders (anorexia) – malabsorption problems
- Physical inactivity
- Smoking – alcohol
- Thyroid disorders
- Cushings – Rheumatoid arthritis hyperparathyroidism
- Genetic inherited factors
LABORATORY TESTING
The analyses are designed to detect in time the possible increased bone loss that leads to or worsens osteoporotic disease, but also to detect possible hormonal disorders and deficiencies of elements necessary for bone health, in order to give the appropriate treatment. We recommend that the analyses be performed on women:
- preventive before menopause, especially in those with parents with osteoporosis problems, so that they can be compared with those at the beginning of menopause.
- with established osteopenia or osteoporosis before the start of treatment, so that new measurements after treatment can be used to assess the effectiveness of the treatment regimen.
The analyses are:
24-hour urinary calcium (Ca-U-24h):
24-hour urinary calcium (Ca-U-24h): control on the rate of calcium excretion, which correlates with the rate of bone mass loss
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase:
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alkaline phosphatase electrophoresis: check for possible overfunction of bone synthesis (anabolism) mechanisms.
Vitamin D3-25(OH):
Vitamin D3-25(OH): involved in the absorption of calcium from the bones. Recent statistics show deficiencies as high as 80% in the general population.
T3 (triiodothyronine), fT4 (free thyroxine), TSH (thyroid hormone):
T3 (triiodothyronine), fT4 (free thyroxine), TSH (thyroid hormone): check for possible thyroid overactivity that increases the rate of bone breakdown.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH):
Parathyroid hormone (PTH): a key hormone regulating calcium metabolism produced by the parathyroid glands. A necessary test in people with thyroidectomy.
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and estradiol (E2):
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and estradiol (E2): these are measured in women approaching menopause and are a measure of women’s hormonal adequacy. In cases with a particularly severe family history and with indications of future osteoporosis, these tests can determine when to start hormone replacement therapy.
Electrophoresis of albums:
Albumin electrophoresis: performed to check and exclude serious metabolic diseases, which can affect bone metabolism.
CTx (C-terminal collagen type I telopeptide), NTx (N-terminal collagen type I telopeptide):
CTx (C-terminal collagen type I telopeptide), NTx (N-terminal collagen type I telopeptide): are metabolites, bone degradation elements. Measuring them in 2-hour urine shows whether daily bone loss is within normal levels.
Osteocalcin (BGP):
Osteocalcin (BGP): by measuring it we monitor the rate of osteosynthesis and it is an important predictor of osteoporosis.
Cortisol (Cort-U-24h):
24-hour urinary cortisol (Cort-U-24h) may reveal possible adrenal overactivity, which negatively affects bone health.
For the measurement of substances in urine over 2 hours, the use of a preservative is required, which can be obtained from our laboratory.
Results for Osteopenia – Osteoporosis are given within 3 working days.
Selected information from sources:
- MayoClinic.org
- Labtestsonline.org
- Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests – J.Wallach
The personalization of the check-up takes into account multiple parameters of personal and family history.
Depending on the case, the selection of tests may require some that are not mentioned on this page.
The exact selection is the responsibility of your attending physician.
Edited by: Ioannis Gratsias, Lab Director / Clinical Biochemist
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Osteopenia – Osteoporosis Check-Up
Osteopenia and osteoporosis are two serious conditions of the bone system that can seriously affect health and quality of life. Osteopenia refers to a reduction in bone mass and loss of bone density, while osteoporosis is a more severe form of osteopenia where bones become less dense and susceptible to fractures. Neglecting and ignoring these conditions can lead to serious consequences, including fractures, poor quality of life and long-term health effects.
Osteopenia – Osteoporosis Check-Up
1. Causes of Osteopenia – Osteoporosis: The underlying etiology of osteopenia and osteoporosis can be varied and include genetic, nutritional, hormonal and environmental factors.
2. Symptoms and Effects: Patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis may experience symptoms such as bone pain, fracture recurrences, reduced height and trapped spines.
3. Diagnosis and Evaluation: The diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis is usually made through radiological methods such as bone density measurement and radiographs.
4. Treatment and Management: Treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis usually involves dietary changes, exercise, drug therapy and other non-pharmacological approaches.
5. Prevention: Prevention of osteopenia and osteoporosis includes maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding excessive alcohol and smoking, and consuming adequate calcium and vitamin D.
6. Conclusions: Check-up for osteopenia and osteoporosis is important for the prevention and management of these conditions. Through prevention, diagnosis and appropriate treatment, patients can maintain their bone health and quality of life.
Osteopenia – Osteoporosis Check-Up