Copper (Cu) is one of the most important trace elements - metals of the body, participating in hundreds of physiological functions, the main ones being

1. production of red and white cells
2. release of iron for the formation of hemoglobin
3. fetal development, brain development
4. immune system and bone maintenance

The analysis of copper Cu is proposed in :

a. Signs of deficiency:

It is mainly caused by low intake of it or by conditions that prevent absorption (eg high levels of zinc) and usually results in

1. anemia of low immune efficiency and increased chances of colds
2. limited mental functions

Low levels of copper also occur in severe diseases of the liver, nerves, etc.

b. Signs of toxicity from excessive intake:

1. stomach pain - feeling sick - diarrhoea
2. burdens - damage to the liver and kidneys

High cuprum values are diagnostic of Wilson's disease which causes cuprum deposits in the liver and severe liver disease

For adults, the following are applied:

1. Expected levels in healthy women are 80-155 and in men are 70-140 pg/ml
2. Severe deficiency < 50 pg/ml

Simple morning blood draw (7.30-9.30 am), no food preparation or avoidance of taking commonly used drugs *

1. Avoid cuprum supplements for 72 hours
2. * Avoid taking estrogen - antidepressants for 24 hours

The result is available the next working day.