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Allergy

What is this?

Allergy is the abnormal work of the immune system, with its incorrect activation against factors - substances that are not dangerous for the body and which we call allergens.

Allergies appear with:

  • skin eczema
  • runny nose and eyes
  • asthma
  • swelling
  • itching

The repeated exposure of a sensitized organism to allergens escalates the organism's reaction in intensity, to the point that even anaphylactic shock can be caused, a situation immediately dangerous for the person's life

A CONTINUOUSLY INCREASING PROBLEM - INDICATIONS

Allergies have been characterized for many years as the most common chronic disease in Europe

Statistics for the Europe of 2000 indicated that 20 % of the general population were allergic people (150 million people).

But predictions suggest that by 2025, allergies will affect 50% of the EU population (EAACI, 2016)

Allergies appear at a steadily increasing rate, especially in children in recent years, which according to recent reports reaches the number of 50% worldwide.

Increased levels of allergy occurrence are observed recently and in the middle ages, with no previous history. We should notify you that in

Food allergies

A particular increase in allergies has been observed in children from allergens in both fresh and packaged foods. Food allergies are reported in 5-8% of children, and 1-2% of adults, with a continuously observed increase in incidence rates.

A percentage of 2-3% of children are allergic to cow's milk and about 2% to peanuts.

Eczema will occur due to food allergy in 15-30% of children and 2-10% of adults

Respiratory Allergies

A forecast for rhinitis is reported in 20-30% of adults and up to 40% of children.

40% of people with allergic rhinitis also develop allergic asthma

Allergic asthma occurs in 5-12% of the population

Allergies to Medicines

They are the reason for 1 in 3 cases of anaphylactic shock. The most common drug allergy is caused by penicillin.

Allergies from insect bites

They occur in rates up to 7% in adults and 0.2% in children, and they have a high risk of anaphylactic shock

CONCLUSION – SIGNIFICANCE

The investigation for the correct preventive treatment of allergies has particular importance in order to avoid:

  1. A possible allergic shock, that can be proved fatal (especially during holiday periods in areas with the impossibility of immediate medical intervention)
  2. escalation of allergic reactions in intensity and variety against allergens
  3. disorganization of the immune system from continuous activations of allergies
  4. deterioration of quality of life and dependence on antiallergic drugs

LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY TEST

The tests, which are used for detecting and monitoring the allergies are:

The first indication of allergies and assessment of their intensity is done by measuring eosinophils, which are a specific type of white immune cells. Their measurement is done with the general blood - blood chart and the microscopic examination of the blood. It is also used in monitoring – assessing the effectiveness of possible treatment.

A diagnostic test to detect and calculate the intensity of allergies is also used in monitoring - assessing of effectiveness of a possible treatment.

Once the allergy is established, we identify the natural or artificial substances that cause allergic reactions through specialized analyses, called "Rast tests". Rast tests help us to detect and quantitatively measure the existence of IgE antibodies of an allergic reaction for each substance separately. The main categories, which contain a lot of independent specialized tests, are:

  1. Rast G: GRASS POLLEN (Bermuda grass, grass, Vernal grass, Stubble, Oats, Rye, Corn, etc.)
  2. Rast W: POLLEN from Weed Flower Pollen (Weed, Marguerite, Chicory, Nettle, Wall Pellitory, Chamomile, Carnation, Rose, etc.)
  3. Rast T: POLLEN from TREES (hazelnut, olive, walnut, sycamore, elm, willow, eucalyptus, orange tree, tonsil, fir, mulberry, etc.)
  4. Rast D: MITES
  5. Rast H: HOUSEDUST
  6. Rast B – K – O: FABRICS (linen, wool, silk, latex, cotton)
  7. Rast F : FOOD (egg, dairy, cereals, fruit, nuts, vegetables, meat, fish, etc.)
  8. Rast E: ANIMAL EPITHELIUM (cat, dog, horse, cow, goat, rabbit, hamster, chicken, duck, parrot, pigeon, etc.)
  9. Rast I: INSECTS (bee venom – wasp, fly, mosquito, horsefly, etc.)
  10. Rast C: DRUGS (in various antibiotics penicillin, erythromycin, Amoxil, cefaclor, ciprofloxacin, etc.)

In the investigation of allergies and especially in the assessment of allergic shocks can be optionally measured the:

  • Histamine
  • Tryptase
INFORMATION FOR LABORATORY CHECK

PREPARATION

A simple blood draw is required for the laboratory test, which can be done at any time of the day (laboratory hours 7.30 a.m. – 7.30 p.m.).

No preparation or diet is required.

EXPECTED TIME FOR THE RESULTS

The results in general blood IgE are given on the same day, in RAST, they are given within 3 days.

CHARGES

Laboratory tests for allergies are prescribed at the EOPYY, with the participation of the examinee as defined by the referral (15%, unless otherwise stated)

The cost with private coverage is:
  • The package of basic laboratory testing for the detection and assessment of the intensity of allergies with eosinophil and IgE measurement costs 23 euros.
  1. Measurement in each specialized Rast / Rast immunocap is 12 /15 euros respectively.

Information selected - indicative with sources: Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests - J.Wallach and https://labtestsonline.org

The choice and explanation of the use of the analysis is the exclusive responsibility of your doctor

Edited by : Ioannis Grattisia Head of Laboratory / MSc Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Biology

2022 - 2023

Biopathology Diagnostic Laboratory | Microbiological | Molecular | DNA | Ultrasonic | EOPYY – Clinic

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